To the page “Protection of historical heritage”
Prof. Dr. S.V. Zagraevsky
About the inadmissibility of demolition of the monument of industrial architecture –
Apakov tram depot
Attention!
The following text was translated from the Russian original by the computer program
and has not yet been edited.
So it can be used only for general introduction.
In 2004, the Moscow government decided to demolish the tram depot them.
Apakova (st.
Shabolovka, ow. 7-9). This place should be built
23-storey multifunctional complex with offices, a kindergarten, underground
parking and shopping and entertainment area. Depot should have been
demolished by 2008, but due to the economic crisis pushed the date for five
years.
Total land area occupied by the
depot - about 3 acres. Of these, approximately hectares
of tram reversal circle. If you leave it, it lost about a
third of the site that the investor is unlikely. It is unlikely that the tenants
of the future residential complex will suffer under their windows roar of the
tram wheels. So, with the tram Shabolovka
likely will be removed. More likely, because barn in
case of demolition of the depot. Apakova will be transferred to
other depots, and dramatically increase the load of railway network: in order
to reach Shabolovka, trams will pass the bridge and Novospassky Dubininskaya
street, where hours-long traffic jams and standing in the context of existing
traffic flows.
However, now the tram - the
source of congestion, not only on Dubininskaya street, but in Shabolovka, and
at the Serpukhov Boulevard: Tram moving on the overall roadway and in the event
of any malfunction or petty accidents in blocking the way, lining up dozens of
cars, and the motion is practically stops. Therefore, the removal of the
tram with Shabolovka and its replacement by a trolley seen more helpful than
harmful. Tram, sadly this state -
transport, moribund, and stop the process of reducing the tram and rail network
that passes since 1950, is impossible. And in this sense, the
elimination of the depot. Apakova - in any case only a
matter of time.
But the elimination of the depot
does not necessarily mean the demolition of its buildings. And so radical a measure as the
proposed demolition, in respect of the object seen is absolutely unacceptable.
The building of a tram depot. Apakova - a monument of
industrial architecture of the early twentieth century. Initially it was called
Zamoskvoretsky barn and in 1923 received the name of driver-Bolshevik PL
Apakova, ride the trams to the Kremlin ammunition during the October fighting
in 1917. Main Building and wagon sheds
(in the terminology of those years) for 200 two-axle cars were built in
1908-1910, respectively, and the leading architect of the project was VG Shukhov, the author of many
engineering and architectural monuments of world importance, including the
nearby tower (originally radio tower) in Shabolovka. The red-brick main building of
the depot embodies the spirit of classical promarhitektury his time, but the
large glass ceiling "wagon sheds" absolutely unique. They provide a low thermal
losses, combined with good insolation and ventilation of internal space, the
optimal flow of rain, snow removal easy, and just highly aesthetic. Before our time has come not so
much the great buildings of the architect-engineer Shukhov (for example, of two
hundred and aligned them to the steel mesh hyperboloid radiobashen survived
only about twenty), and the depot name Apakova should be preserved as a
monument of architecture.
This memorial should stand in a
row, and such famous works of industrial architecture, as Miusskaya carbarn
(1874, floors built in 1912 by VG Shukhov) Sokolnicheskaya police station with
a watch-tower (in 1884, architect, MK Geppener) Andrew and Krasnoluzhsky Bridges
(1905-1907 years, the architect AN Pomerantsev) Bakhmetevsky garage (1927, architects
KS Melnikov and Shukhov), etc.
The question of adapting the
buildings of the depot. Apakova a new function has many
options for solutions. Large internal space "wagon
sheds" with lots of separate entrances and are suitable for any
exhibitions, and as sales of the series (why, for example, to move the
demolished patent!), And devices in their recreational area with winter gardens
... Chance and a compromise: to provide a
multifunctional residential complex area of the former turning circle (it's a
lot - about hectare), and historical buildings of the depot. Apakova preserve and repurpose:
administrative building - under the office complex, a "wagon sheds" -
a recreation, exhibition or trade functions.
As the saying goes, every cloud
has a silver lining: the economic crisis, postponed for several years, the
demolition of the depot. Apakova, gives us a chance to
preserve the unique monument of industrial architecture, built by the great
Russian engineer and architect, VG Shukhov.
ILLUSTRATIONS
Zamoskvoretsky barn. 1910.
Depo them. Apakova. General view. In the left picture shows the
overlap of "wagon sheds.
The main facade of the
administrative building depot.
"Wagon sheds. Exterior.
"Wagon
sheds. View from
inside.
Moscow, 2009.
Note the end
of 2009 sent in another letter to several instances of non-demolition of the
monument of industrial architecture - the tram depot them. Apakova I
received a reply. It seems that defenders of the historic environment and architectural
monuments of Moscow won - a small scale of the city, but very serious (although
so far, unfortunately, not the final) on the scale of a particular monument.
Here is the text of the
response.
The
Moscow
The Department of Transport and
Communications of Moscow
№ 61-04-4674 / 9 of 06.11.2009
Chairman of the Professional Union of Artists,
Professor, Doctor of
Architecture ZAGRAEVSKY SV
Dear Sergey Volfovich!
In accordance with your address
on 14.09.09, the address of the Mayor of Moscow YM Luzhkov on the inadmissibility
of demolition of the monument of industrial architecture - the tram depot them.
Apakova located at: ul. Shabolovka, ow. 7-9, the Department of Transport
and Communications of Moscow with the Moscow Heritage Committee to work out
this issue and inform the following.
Relocation of the tram depot. Apakova carried out according to
orders of the Government of Moscow dated 07.04.09, № 607-RP and on 31.10.05,
the number 2171-RP, which contains a list of activities necessary to transform
the depot, with the subsequent release of the territory of production space. At the same time from the land
remains "Governing body Zamoskvoreche tram depot, 1910, architect. MN Gleyning "(st. Shabolovka,
d. 9, p. 3).
In accordance with the
conclusion of 10/14/2009, the Moskomnaslediye № 16-02-1916/7- (4) -1,
identification of objects of cultural heritage - building № 3 is subject to
scientific restoration. In these works Moskomnaslediye
granted a regular (restoration) job (from 08.06.06.g. № 16-03/1779).
In the territory adjacent to the
building number 3, address: Str. Shabolovka, 9, on the basis of
the conclusion Moskomnaslediye, are not valuable building number number 1, 2,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
Demolition of listed buildings
of little value, as not having an independent historical and architectural
value, is allowed on the Commission on the Conservation of buildings in the
historical areas of Moscow (protocol № 2 of 11.31.2006 town).
However, according to the Moscow
Heritage Committee, in accordance with the historical and architectural
studies, performed "Center Historical urban studies in 2004 and
coordinated by the Office of the Chief of the monuments of Moscow in 2005,
building number 5 - the former garage building and foundries, and parts of
buildings № 7 - formerly continuous-lodge recommended for the conservation of
the variant with the possible re-establishment of the principles of
regeneration.
Deputy Head of Department
IV Weaver
© Sergey Zagraevsky
To the page “Protection of historical heritage”