To the page “Scientific works”
Sergey Zagraevsky
Jury
Dolgoruky and ancient Russian white stone architecture
Published in Russian:
Çàãðàåâñêèé Ñ.Â. Þðèé Äîëãîðóêèé è
äðåâíåðóññêîå áåëîêàìåííîå çîä÷åñòâî. M.: Àëåâ-Â, 2001. ISBN
5-94025-014-9
Annotation
This book covers a
wide range of issues concerning the origins and historical destiny of
white-stone architecture of Vladimir-Suzdal and
The
book is intended for specialists in the history of architecture and related
fields of knowledge, as well as for a wide circle of readers interested in Ancient
Russian architecture.
Editor - A. M.Kantor.
Chapter
I. White stone and brick
Chapter II. Galich,
Caucasus and Volga Bulgaria
Chapter III. Suzdal masters
and Romanesque
Chapter IV. “The limit of
reliability”
Chapter V. Sculpture
decoration
Attention!
The following text
was translated from Russian original by the computer program
and has not yet been
edited.
So it can be used
only for general introduction.
To
the 70th anniversary of my father
Wolfgang
Volfgangovicha Kavelmahera
INTRODUCTION
For the beginning it is necessary to briefly
outline the reasons which led the author to undertake this study.
As is known, the overwhelming majority of
churches and pre-Vladimir-Suzdal land built of white stone. Next - in Kiev,
Chernigov, Smolensk, Ryazan and Novgorod lands - all building was built of
brick (time) or in mixed media. In Suzdal (as is usually termed the
North-Eastern Russia, and "Rus" - only the Central and southern
territories), stone built only in the far Western Russia Galich.
Under Vladimir Monomakh in the Suzdal region is
built from plinfy and mixed media. The white-stone construction began in the
middle of the XII century, when Yuri Dolgoruky and lasted more than three
hundred years - from the white stone built and the Moscow Principality. And in
the middle of the XV century there was almost universal return to the brick.
This situation, in the history of Russian
architecture is unique, developed in the literature only at the level of the
findings of fact of the transition in the middle of the XII century from
cheap and technologically brick architecture to more expensive and less
technological white stone, its tercentenary of use and return to the brick
technique in the middle of the XV century.
But actually this fact is so serious that a
statement of little.
The pre-Mongol epoch, except for monuments of
architecture, we have only fragmentary, often contradictory and biased
testimonies Chronicles - "broken mirror of his time"1. But
the monuments, in spite of numerous restructuring, destruction and poor-quality
restoration, preserved in the number, it allows to perform search of answers to
the questions:
- why in the middle of the XII century Yuri
Dolgoruky began to build in the Vladimir-Suzdal not made of brick and white
stone?
- Why a white stone, and with the descendants of
George remained the dominant type of building material?
- Why is the "successor" of the Suzdal
-
In parallel with the study of these issues we can
try to read in the annals of rock and more detailed characteristics of the eras
of Yuri Dolgoruky, Andrei Bogolyubsky, Vsevolod the Big Nest and their
descendants. After all, the chroniclers were related to politics, religion,
personal likes and dislikes, and architecture brings an objective, though not
so easily readable information. The true mirror of each era architecture. Under
this perspective, we shall consider it.
The problems that we have set for ourselves, much
broader issues of Genesis of architectural forms and the use of a construction
equipment. It requires the involvement of history, Economics, science, art
history, mathematical statistics, soil science, Geology, and other Sciences.
Therefore, we must work on the "crossroads of the disciplines".
And what we're going to do in our study can be
summarized as historical and motivational modeling era, focused on the
issues of the history of architecture.
So, the aim of our research is to analyze the
historical, archaeological and architectural information that we have today,
and drawing on its basis of problem-oriented historical and motivational model
of the era.
The main principle is that when building any
model we can only rely on the proven and proven facts, and if they will be
enough to build the model, then we have the right to use the already-built
model to the facts in dispute, or unproven. Our model is primarily designed to
address questions of why in the Vladimir-Suzdal in the middle of the XII
century white stone building began and why it lasted until mid XV century.
The author is
grateful OMEIoannisiani, VVCwelmaker, AACliminco, AICAmeco
for graciously agreeing to read the manuscript and make some corrections and
additions.
I would also like to Express special gratitude
Try, without which, perhaps, would not have this book.
Chapter
I. White stone and brick
.
© Sergey Zagraevsky
Chapter
I. White stone and brick
Chapter II. Galich,
Caucasus and Volga Bulgaria
Chapter III. Suzdal masters
and Romanesque
Chapter IV. “The limit of
reliability”
Chapter V. Sculpture
decoration
To the
page “Scientific works”